Gingivitis is the initial stage of gum disease and the easiest to treat. Gingivitis is caused by plaque and bacteria that forms on the teeth and gums.

Regular oral hygiene removes plaque through daily brushing and flossing. However, if it is not removed, plaque will produce toxins that can irritate the gum tissue, causing gingivitis. At this early stage, damage to the gum tissue can be reversed, since the bone and connective tissue that hold the teeth in place are not yet affected. Left untreated, however, gingivitis can become periodontitis and cause permanent damage to your teeth and jaw.

Symptoms of gingivitis may include red, swollen, tender gums that may bleed when you brush. Another sign of gum disease is gums that have receded or pulled away from your teeth, giving your teeth an elongated appearance. Gum disease can also cause pockets to form between the teeth and gums, where plaque and food debris collect. Additionally, some patients experience bad breath or a bad taste in their mouth.

Good oral hygiene is essential in preventing gingivitis. Routine cleanings are also extremely important because once plaque has hardened on the teeth, only a dentist or dental hygienist can remove it. Proper nutrition, avoiding cigarettes and tobacco use, and scheduling regular checkups are important to preventing gingivitis.